All this talk of turbulent flow and developing solutions seem like a hassle. Best closed loop is an open loop. You can't get better heat transfer than water percolating thru sandy soil. Not everyone has that ability but developing twirly tube and/or injecting air bubbles are just fixes - not solutions. Deep wells are - well - expensive. Direct expansion systems use much less surface area, but, cost huge in copper. Trenches and plain pipe are ... not fun. I like our 1/2 hp jet pump sucking constant 49 deg F water from a sandpoint just fine. We've been using our grey water weeping field as the reject for the last two years now with no worries. Did I say - I hate closed loop. Thermodynamics hates closed loops. ;(
Pump and dump !
Thumperoo
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