Difficult to answer about the dual ratings. Can you provide the manufactuer name and model #.
My educated guess would be the 3800/2850 watts is dependent upon the voltage applied to the element.
watts voltage current resistance
3800 240 15.833 15.158
2854 208 13.722 15.158
As far as "total not the sum of each", water heaters are typically wired so that only one element is on at a time. The top one comes on 1st. Once the top of the tank is hot, the top thermostat move the power from the top element to the lower element.
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